National

Child welfare services fall under the mandate of provincial and territorial governments, including a rapidly expanding system of Aboriginal child welfare authorities. This section contains material related to federal initiatives concerned with child welfare services as well as statistics compiled at the national level.

All Canadian Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect reports can be found here.

Statistics

Child Maltreatment Investigations in Canada, 1998 and 2008*

  1998 2008
Child population 6,301,295 6,022,005
Number of child maltreatment investigations 134,566 235,842
Incidence of child maltreatment investigations per 1,000 children 21.36 39.16


Type of Child Maltreatment Investigation in Canada, 2008*

  Number Rate per 1,000 children Percent
Maltreatment Investigation 174,411 28.97 74%
Risk Investigation 61,431 10.19 26%


Primary Categories of Substantiated Child Maltreatment Investigations in Canada, 2008*

Category of Maltreatment Number Rate per 1,000 children Percent
Physical Abuse 17,212 2.86 20%
Sexual Abuse 2,607 0.43 3%
Neglect 28,939 4.81 34%
Emotional Maltreatment 7,423 1.23 9%
Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence 29,259 4.86 34%


Placement in Child Maltreatment Investigations in 1998 and in Child Maltrement and Risk Investigations in Canada in 2008*

  1998 Number 1998 Rate 2008 Number 2008 Rate
Informal Kinship Care 5,851 0.93 8,713 1.45
Formal Placement 11,003 1.74 10,886 1.81


Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010). Canadian incidence study of reported child abuse and neglect 2008: Major findings (p. 122). Public Health Agency of Canada. Retrieved from http://cwrp.ca/publications/2117

Publications
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Title Authors Year Sort ascending
Corporal Punishment: Fact Sheet

Zunino, A., Sansone, G., Fallon, B., & Vandermorris, A.

2024
Understanding the Effects of Corporal Punishment on Children, Families and Communities and Implications for Legal Reform in Canada

Sansone, G., Fallon, B., Vandermorris, A., Zunino, A. & Milne, C.

2024
The Breath of Life: First Nations Knowledge

Cindy Blackstock

 

2024
An Exploratory Typology for Understanding Family-Relationship Issues in Kinship-Care Placements

Dorval, A., Hélie, S., & Poirier, M.-A.

2024
Summary report: Canadian child welfare administrative data knowledge exchange meeting (2024)

McGonegal, C., Houston, E., Esposito, T., Fallon, B. & Trocmé, N. 

2024
Indigenous foster children living in private households: Rates and sociodemographic characteristics of foster children and their households

Hahmann, T., Lee, H., & Godin, S.

2024
The National Child Welfare Outcome Matrix (NOM): Fundamental Information to Support Public Accountability.

Trocmé, N

2024
Summary report: Canadian child welfare administrative data knowledge exchange meeting (2023)

Esposito, T., Fallon, B., Trocmé, N., Caldwell, J., Saint-Girons, M., & Précourt, S.

2023
Child protection services and youth experiencing homelessness: Findings of the 2019 national youth homelessness survey in Canada 2023
The more we change the more we stay the same: Canadian child welfare systems’ response to child well-being

Fallon, B., Joh-Carnella, N., Houston, E., Livingston, E., & Trocmé, N.

2023
Legislation

Child welfare services fall under the jurisdiction of provincial and territorial authorities as a result each province and territory has different legislation pertaining to child protection interventions. For more information click here.

The only child welfare regulations and legislation that apply to all provinces and territories are the Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development First Nations Child and Family Services National Program Manual and the United Nations Declaration of the Rights of the Child: