Quebec

For more information, please see the information sheet on Quebec's child welfare system.

Overview

The Quebec Ministry of Health and Social Services (Ministère de la Santé et Services sociaux) is responsible for providing protection services to children and youth in accordance with the mandate outlined in the Youth Protection Act. There are currently 16 Youth Centres (YC) and three multi-mission centres across the province. Both of these centres are responsible for services under the Youth Protection Act as well as the Youth Criminal Justice Act (2002). In each centre, there is a director of youth protection (DYP) who is responsible for enforcing the Youth Protection Act. The DYP also has the powers of a provincial director under the Youth Criminal Justice Act. In the youth protection system in Quebec, the intervention process consists of the following stages: receiving and processing a report (intake), evaluating the situation (investigation), orienting the child (intervention planning), and implementing interventions and reviewing the situation. These stages are carried out in separate administrative units, except for the evaluation and orientation stages which are carried out by the same workers.

There are several First Nations and Inuit child welfare agencies across the province which serve children living on reserve. First Nations and Inuit children living off reserve or in regions without a designated First Nations Child and Family Service Agency are served through local DYP offices. First Nations Child Welfare Agencies in Quebec are required to uphold the Youth Protection Act.

Statistics

Child Maltreatment Investigations in Quebec, 1998, 2008¹ and 2014²
	1998	2008	2014
Child population	1,658,480	1,549,200	1,521,298
Number of child maltreatment investigations	25,615	28,608	31,529
Incidence of child maltreatment investigations per 1000 children	15.44	18.47	20.72

Type of Child Maltreatment Investigation in Quebec in 2014²
	#	Rate per 1,000 children
No Risk or Substantiated Maltreatment	8,565	5.63
Confirmed Risk of Future Maltreatment	4,101	2.70
Substantiated Maltreatment	18,860	12.40

Categories of Substantiated Child Maltreatment Investigations in Quebec in 2014²
Category of Maltreatment	#	Rate per 1,000 children
Physical Abuse	4,457	2.93
Sexual Abuse	732	0.48
Neglect	6,127	4.03
Emotional Maltreatment	2,486	1.63
Behavioural Problems	4,364	2.87
Exposure to Intimate Partner Violence	4,790	3.15

Placement in Child Maltreatment Investigations in Quebec, 1998, 2008¹ and 2014²
	1998 #	1998 Rate	2008 #	2008 Rate	2014 #	2014 Rate
No Placement	16,776	10.12	24,238	15.65	27,221	17.89
Informal Kinship Care	-	-	780	0.50	1,664	1.09
Formal Placement	7,790	4.7	3,178	2.06	2,558	1.68
Type of Placement Unknown	834	0.50	340	0.22	--	0.04

Children and youth in out-of-home care in 2022 ³
Children in out-of-home care		Child (0-17) population	Rate per 1000
15,201		1,604,195	9.48

External Statistics Links

Child welfare services fall under the jurisdiction of provincial and territorial authorities, making it difficult to compile statistics at the national level.

The most notable variations between provinces include, mandate variation by jurisdiction with respect to the age to which children are eligible for service, differences in the length of time a child can receive out-of-home care and the definition of out-of-home care.

References

¹ Hélie, S., Turcotte, D., Trocmé, N., & Tourigny, M. (2012). Étude d’incidence québécoise sur les situations évaluées en protection de la jeunesse en 2008: Rapport final (p. 252). Montreal, QC: Centre jeunesse de Montréal-Institut universitaire. https://cwrp.ca/fr/publications/etude-dincidence-quebecoise-sur-les-situations-evaluees-en-protection-de-la-jeunesse.

² Hélie, S., Collin-Vézina, D.,Turcotte, D., Trocmé, N., & Girouard, N. (2017). Étude d’incidence québécoise sur les situations évaluées en protection de la jeunesse en 2014: Rapport final. Montreal, QC: Centre jeunesse de Montréal-Institut universitaire. https://cwrp.ca/publications/quebec-incidence-study-2014-eiq-2014-final-report.

³ Pollock, N., Ouédraogo, A., Trocmé, N., Hovdestad, W., Miskie, A., Crompton, L., Campeau, A., Tanaka, M., Zhang, C., Laprise, C., Tonmyr, L. (2024) Original quantitative research – Rates of out-of-home care among children in Canada: an analysis of national administrative child welfare data. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada (44)4. https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.44.4.02

Publications

Title	Authors	Year
Facteurs associés à la rétention des signalements impliquant un abus sexuel	Tourigny, Marc Jacob, Marie Daigneault, Isabelle Hébert, Martine Wright, John	2009
From the family universe to the outside world: Family relations, school attitude, and perception of racism in Caribbean and Filipino adolescents	Rousseau, Cécile Hassan, Ghayda Measham, Toby Moreau, Nicolas Lashley, Myrna Castro, Thelma Blake, Caminee McKenzie, Georges	2009
Knowledge mobilization in child welfare	Trocmé, Nico Esposito, Tonino Laurendeau, Claude Thomson, Wendy Milne, Lise	2009
Mémoire de l'ACJQ: Présenté à la commission parlementaire sur l'avant-projet de loi modifiant le code civil et d'autres dispositions législatives en matière d'adoption et d'autorité parentale	Association des centres jeunesse du Québec	2009
Profiles of school adaptation: Social, behavioural and academic functioning in sexually abused girls	Daigneault, Isabelle Hébert, Martine	2009
The role of parental stress, mother’s childhood abuse and perceived consequences of violence in predicting attitudes and attribution in favor of corporal punishment	Clément, Marie-Ève Chamberland, Claire	2009
Comparative study of the cognitive sequelae of school-aged victims of Shaken Baby Syndrome	Stipanicic, Annie Nolin, Pierre Fortin, Gilles Gobeil, Marie-France	2008
Continuity and Pathways from Aggression in Childhood to Family Violence in Adulthood: A 30-year Longitudinal Study	Temcheff, Caroline E. Serbin, Lisa A. Martin-Storey, Alexa Stack, Dale M. Hodgins, Sheilagh Ledingham, Jane Schwartzman, Alex E.	2008
Disclosure of sexual abuse, personal and familial factors as predictors of post-traumatic stress symptoms in school-aged girls	Bernard-Bonnin, Anne-Claude Hébert, Martine Daigneault, Isabelle Allard-Dansereau, Claire	2008
Predicting Suicide Attempts in Young Adults with Histories of Childhood Abuse	Brezo, Jelena Paris, Joel Vitaro, Frank Hébert, Martine Tremblay, Richard E. Turecki, Gustavo	2008

Legislation

Links