(2006). The Influence of Child Abuse on the Pattern of Expenditures in Women's Adult Health Service Utilization in Ontario, Canada. Social Science and Medicine, 63(7), 1711-1719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.04.015
Using Ontario population survey data, this study found that women aged 15 to 64 who reported both physical and sexual abuse in childhood had nearly double the average annual self-reported outpatient health care costs of women with no abuse history ($775 vs $400), showing that child abuse is significantly associated with higher health care costs in adulthood.